法国总统的中国情结

深厚的历史渊源与传统友谊。更有意思的是，从戴高乐将军到希拉克总统，法兰西第五共和国的历任总统都有一股不解的“中国情结”，其中许多脍炙人口的故事早已在中法外交史上传为佳话。
　 戴高乐：中法邦交的奠基人一直期待访华
　　戴高乐将军无疑是中法友谊的大功臣。正是在这位法兰西第五共和国开国元勋的倡导下，中法两国于1964年建交，使中国在冷战“铁幕”下实现了外交“破冰”之举。戴高乐的这一惊人之举决非偶然，他很早就十分关注中国这个“比有记载的历史还要悠久”的文明古国，曾用略带神秘的口气预言：“说不定在下个世纪，中国就将成为世界上最强大的国家。”
　　戴高乐一直有个愿望，就是要亲自踏上中国的土地，并“会一会已成为神话的毛泽东”。1966年戴高乐约见时任中国驻法国大使黄镇，亲自邀请周恩来总理访法，意在为其正式访华铺路。1967年1月的爱丽舍宫新年招待会上，戴高乐夫人向黄大使的夫人委婉地道出了有生之年去中国的愿望,“到中国去，对我来说是一个梦……”
　　也许是英雄间的惺惺相惜，戴高乐的仰慕得到毛主席的多次回应。毛泽东在同法国特使贝当古的一次谈话里，曾15次提到戴高乐的名字。他说：“戴高乐是当兵出身，我也是。我在军队里生活了12年……”他曾用自己后来与尼克松讲的话说：“我喜欢右派——特别是戴高乐这样敢和美国人叫板的右派。”
　　尽管两位伟人都期待着能相见，但由于中法双方当时都希望对方主动迈出第一步，互访计划一直没能实现。辞去总统后，戴高乐曾考虑以私人身份访华。他对自己的夫人说，打算在1971年6月实现访华愿望。1970年11月，戴高乐将军猝然辞世，此前他刚刚派特使前往中国为访华计划投石问路。噩耗传到中国后，毛泽东迅速发去唁电，称“戴高乐是维护法兰西民族独立的不屈斗士”。
　　蓬皮杜：第一位访华的法国元首
　　戴高乐总统的遗愿由其继任者蓬皮杜所实现。作为戴高乐的密友,蓬皮杜青年时代便对中国有所了解。蓬皮杜夫人曾回忆说，她与丈夫对中国的最早认识源于保尔·克洛岱尔的诗集《认识东方》，这位杰出的法国作家在诗集中客观、全面地介绍了中国，让蓬皮杜对这个文明古国产生了向往之情。
　　1973年9月，曾让戴高乐将军生前期盼、让蓬皮杜总统激动不已的时刻终于来临。应中国政府之邀，蓬皮杜总统对中国展开国事访问，成为西欧国家第一位访华的在任国家元首。他在机场受到周恩来总理和刚恢复工作的邓小平副总理的迎接，还在邓小平的陪同下兴致勃勃地参观了故宫。蓬皮杜总统受到中国政府的最高礼遇，毛泽东主席没按惯例在人民大会堂接见他，而是在中南海自己的寓所亲切会见了他。对毛泽东景仰已久的蓬皮杜不仅向毛主席表达了自己的仰慕之情，还将一幅艺术壁毯赠与毛主席。
　　令人感动的是，蓬皮杜此次访华时已身患癌症。而同样饱受癌症晚期之苦的周总理亲自对接待工作进行周密安排。尽管政务繁忙，周总理还是从北京到外地，全程陪伴蓬皮杜总统。蓬皮杜总统后来多次感言称，周恩来是他所见过的世界各国领导人中印象最深的一位。
　　德斯坦：用中文朗诵孔子的名句
　　蓬皮杜总统的继任者德斯坦虽未有缘同毛泽东会面，却对这位新中国的缔造者保留着一段美好记忆：德斯坦1974年就任法国总统的前几周，一位非洲国家元首访华。当时蓬皮杜总统已重病缠身，毛泽东和来访者谈及下届法国总统的人选。毛泽东说：“我知道下届法国总统是谁，是吉斯卡尔·德斯坦先生。”那位非洲国家元首听罢很吃惊。德斯坦本人后来听说这事也非常惊讶，他曾感慨地说：“我当时既年轻又缺乏名气。毛泽东主席知道我要当总统，这足见他对法国政治的了解及其准确的判断力。”或许是由于这段未曾谋面的情缘，德斯坦在毛主席逝世时亲自参加了中国驻法使馆举行的悼念仪式，而此前尚没有法国总统造访外国使馆的先例。
　　德斯坦是法国历史上最年轻的总统。他才华横溢，早年就开始研究中国文化。1993年，德斯坦在接受中国媒体采访时曾“毫不谦虚”地称，他比较了解中国的历史，且正在研究汉、宋、明、清的中国历史，尤其关注19世纪的中国史。他说：“19世纪是中国与欧洲关系最恶劣的阶段。欧洲人不了解19世纪的中国，我想知道原因何在。”
　　为直接阅读中文原著，德斯坦在古稀之年学起了中文。他特聘了一个中文教师，每晚睡觉前还要读会儿中文。这位法国老人的努力印证了那句中国古话，“功夫不负有心人。”2000年，德斯坦在中国参加一次文化研讨会时，居然用中文朗读了孔子的名句，“君子无所争，必也射乎，揖让而升，下而饮，其争也君子”。语罢，满座皆惊。
　　密特朗：十分推崇中国文化
　　法兰西第五共和国的历任总统中，密特朗是惟一的左翼人士。他的政治理念本应使他与中国更加亲密，但他执政的时期也是中法关系最跌宕起伏的年代。尽管如此，密特朗本人仍与中国有着深厚的渊源。
　　密特朗曾3次访问中国，对东方古国的重大变迁深有体会。1961年春，他作为在野党领袖首次踏上中国的土地，得到毛主席赠予的一对中国织锦靠垫。密特朗的首次中国之行收获颇丰，他游览了不少城市，还记录了诸多见闻。1962年，密特朗的专著《中国面临挑战》一书隆重问世，使密特朗声誉倍增。1981年，密特朗二访中国，并参观山东孔府大庙。他兴致勃勃地在庙前拍了照片，并为照片起名为“倾听龙的声音”。
　　几个月后，密特朗问鼎爱丽舍宫，并于两年后以总统身分再次来到他熟悉的中国。
　　同德斯坦一样，密特朗对中国文化也十分推崇，还仔细阅读了巴金、曹禺等中国著名文人的作品法译本。此外，他同不少著名的旅法华人学者私交很好，常邀请他们聚会巴黎的大小中餐馆，畅谈古今。
　　希拉克：中国青铜器的鉴赏专家
　　对中国最有感情的法国元首当属现任总统希拉克。早在少年时代，希拉克就在一位白俄家教的指导下研习东方文化，而且经常参观法国东方艺术博物馆———集美博物馆。该博物馆藏品颇丰，让少年希拉克大开眼界。尤其是那里的青铜器和宋瓷等中国古代艺术珍品，更让希拉克从小与东方文化结下不解之缘。此外，他对中国古典诗词也情有独钟，曾当众用法语即兴背诵唐诗。在一次私人聚会上，希拉克向朋友们表示，他有个心愿，就是完成一部关于中国唐代“诗仙”李白的电影剧本。
　　出于对中国青铜器的特殊爱好，希拉克熟读各种青铜器专著，并能对相关展览中的许多珍品进行专业评价。外交界流传着这样一个故事：1997年，希拉克在访华期间曾造访上海博物馆，并同馆长马承源一见如故。谈话期间，73岁的青铜器泰斗马承源把他的专著《中国青铜器全集》的前十四本赠与希拉克。当看到书中的一张图片时，希拉克脱口而出：“这是不是二里头文化三期的青铜器？”面对法国总统如此专业的提问，中国老专家惊讶不已，愣了好半天才点头称是。不料希拉克不仅知道它的名字，还将3600年前的二里头文化三期的特征娓娓道来。法国元首与中国专家万里相聚，越聊越起劲，以至于希拉克的专机不得不推迟起飞。
　　希拉克对中国文物的酷爱也提升了中国文物本身的国际声誉。1978年，时任巴黎市长的希拉克来到心仪已久的古都西安，成为第一个参观秦陵兵马俑的外国人。当成百上千的兵马俑栩栩如生地出现在眼前时，他震惊地说：“世界上有七大奇迹，秦俑坑的发现堪称第八大奇迹。”希拉克的评价被国际媒体广为引用，对中国兵马俑走向世界发挥了重要作用。
　　耳听为虚，眼见为实。两年前的春节期间，记者曾参加在法国总统府举行的华人招待会，亲身体会到希拉克总统深厚的中国情结。与会者除了旅法的华人华侨代表，还有中国驻法使馆及中资机构的代表等上千名嘉宾。记者此前也在不同场合见过希拉克，但那天他尤其显得神采奕奕。一般来讲，总统在致辞完毕后即可退席，最多再同部分来宾礼节性地握握手。而希拉克总统那天致辞后在现场停留了1个小时，几乎同每位来宾握手致意，并不厌其烦地接受大家的拍照邀请。《世界报》常驻总统府记者拉法埃尔·芭凯当时对记者说，希拉克公务缠身，能以如此罕见的姿态接待普通来宾，足见其对中国和中国人民的深厚情意。


And the history of profound traditional friendship. Even more interesting is that from General de Gaulle to President Jacques Chirac, the French Fifth Republic of the presidents have a puzzling "China complex" and many of them already well-known story in the French Diplomatic History upload was legendary. Charles de Gaulle: the founder of the Sino-French relations have been looking forward to visit
General de Gaulle is undoubtedly the hero of the French friendship. It is in the French Fifth Republic's founding fathers of the initiative, China and France established diplomatic relations in 1964, China in the Cold War "iron curtain" to achieve a diplomatic "ice-breaking" move. Charles de Gaulle this astonishing move by no means accidental that he was very concerned about China's long overdue, "than to have a long recorded history," countries with ancient civilizations, have used slightly mysterious tone predicted: "Maybe the next century , China will become the world's most powerful country. "
Charles de Gaulle has been a wish to personally set foot on the land of China, and "will be one of Mao Zedong has become a myth." Met with Charles de Gaulle in 1966 when the Chinese ambassador to France Huang Zhenhua, personally invite Premier Zhou Enlai's visit to France, aimed at paving the way for its official visit to China. January 1967 New Year reception of the Elysee Palace, the wife of Charles de Gaulle, wife of Ambassador Huang euphemistically lifetime to China, has expressed the desire, "to go to China to me is a dream……"
Perhaps the Xingxingxiangxi is a hero, Charles de Gaulle's many admirers by Chairman Mao's response. Mao Zedong in the same French envoy Betancourt, a conversation was mentioned 15 times the name of Charles de Gaulle. He said: "Charles de Gaulle is the soldiers who, I am also. In the military, I have been living 12……" He has used his speaking later with Nixon as saying: "I like rightists - especially this dare to Charles de Gaulle Challenge and the right-wing Americans. "
Although the two great men are looking forward to playing each other, but because both China and France at that time that the other party take the initiative to take the first step, the scheme has been no exchange of visits can be realized. Resign as president, Charles de Gaulle had considered a private visit. He said his wife, intend to June 1971 visit to China wishes to achieve. November 1970, the sudden death of General de Gaulle, after he had just sending a special envoy to visit China for the stoning of the road plan. After the news spread to China, Mao Zedong sent to the rapid, "Charles de Gaulle is to safeguard national independence, the French indomitable warriors." Pompidou: the first visit of the heads of state of France
President Charles de Gaulle's behest by the Pompidou successor achieved. As a close friend of Charles de Gaulle and Pompidou youth will gain some understanding of China. Pompidou had recalled his wife said that she and her husband understanding of China's earliest poems from the Paul Keluodaier "Recognizing the Orient", the distinguished French writer in the collection of objective and thorough introduction to China, Pompidou on this ancient civilizations had a yearning for the community. In September 1973, had hoped in. General de Gaulle, President Pompidou was very excited when the time has finally come. At the invitation of the Chinese Government, President Pompidou start his state visit to China and become the first Western European countries to visit China in the head of state. He at the airport by Premier Zhou Enlai and Deng Xiaoping, just back to work to meet the Deputy Prime Minister, is still in high spirits, accompanied by Deng Xiaoping visited the Palace Museum. Pompidou president by the Chinese government's highest etiquette, Chairman Mao Zedong did not interview him in the Great Hall of practice, but in their own apartments met had a cordial meeting with him. Mao Zedong have long respected the Pompidou Chairman Mao not only to express their own feelings of admirers, will be an artistic tapestry as a gift to Chairman Mao. What is impressive is that the Pompidou's visit has been suffering from cancer. 饱受cancer and the same suffering from the late Premier Zhou personally work on the detailed arrangements for the reception. Although Chief peak, Premier Zhou or from Beijing to the field, accompany President Pompidou. Later, President Pompidou said many comments, Zhou Enlai, he is seen by the world leaders in one of the deepest impression. Goldstein: recite the Chinese Confucius once
Pompidou's successor Predestiny Goldstein has not yet met with Mao Zedong, the rhetoric of the founder of the new China retains a wonderful memory: D'estaing 1974 became France President of weeks before, an African head of state to visit China. President Pompidou was seriously ill entangle, Mao Zedong and visiting French President to talk about the next candidate. Mao Zedong said: "I know who the next President of France, Mr. Goldstein is Jishikaer." African Heads of State who heard quite surprised. D'estaing I later heard that this is also very surprised that he had said with deep feeling: "I was both young and the lack of fame. Chairman Mao Zedong know I want to be president, It serves to show that his understanding of the French political and accurate judgement." Perhaps this is not seen as the music Goldstein in the death of Chairman Mao, was personally attended the Chinese Embassy in France at the commemoration ceremony, but had no French president to visit foreign embassies precedent.
Goldstein is the history of France's youngest president. He very talented and early on began to study Chinese culture. In 1993, Goldstein in an interview with Chinese media had "not humble," and said he was more understanding of China's history, and is on the Han, Song, Ming and Qing China's history, is particularly concerned about the history of 19th century China. He said: "The 19th century is China's relations with Europe, the worst stage. Europeans do not understand 19th century China, I would like to know why."
Directly read Chinese original, Goldstein in the seventies, to learn the Chinese. He founded a Chinese teacher, every night, to sleep a little reading before the Chinese. The efforts of France elderly China confirms sentence saying, "Hard work pays off." In 2000, D'estaing in China to participate in a cultural seminar, to resort to reading the Chinese Confucius once said, "gentlemen's no struggle, it also-between, Yi and let rise, but to drink their struggle also gentleman. " Pragmatic stop, the full death, shocked.
Mitterrand: very respected Chinese culture
French presidents of the Fifth Republic, Mitterrand is the only person left. His political philosophy this should be more intimate with China, but he is also the ruling during the ups and downs in Sino-French relations era. Nevertheless, I still Mitterrand and China have deep origins.
Mitterrand visited China three times, the ancient Oriental major changes the situation. 1961 spring, as opposition leaders he first set foot on the land of China, Chairman Mao received a gift of China's brocade Cushion. Mitterrand's first visit to China productive session, he toured the many cities, but also recorded a lot of knowledge. 1962, Mitterrand dedicated "China is facing challenges," a book come out solemnly, Mitterrand reputation doubled. 1981, Mitterrand 2 visit to China, and visited Shandong Confucian Residence temple. He happily took a picture in front of the temple, as well as photo named "Dragon listen to the voices." A few months later, Mitterrand won Elysee, and after two years as president once again came to the status he was familiar with China.
With D'estaing, Mitterrand of Chinese culture is also very respected, but also carefully read the Ba Jin, a famous Chinese scholar Cao Yu, and other works of translation. In addition, he and many famous Chinese scholars in France relatively well, and often invited them to meet the size of a Chinese restaurant in Paris, talked about ancient and modern. Chirac: China bronze Appreciation experts
most of the feelings of the Chinese head of state was the incumbent French President Jacques Chirac. Early in the juvenile age, Chirac Belarus tutor in a study under the guidance of the oriental culture, and often visited France Jimei Oriental Art Museum - Museum. The size of the museum collections, juvenile Chirac an eye-opener. Especially where the Song Ci and other Chinese bronzes and ancient art in connection with the Oriental culture from Chirac forged special ties. In addition, he also fond of classical Chinese poetry, has publicly recite Tang poetry in French improvisation. In a private meeting, Chirac to friends that he has a wish that on the completion of a China during the Tang Dynasty "Shixian" Li Bai's screenplay. China's bronze for the special hobbies, Chirac familiar with the various bronze monographs, and can be related to the many treasures in the exhibition for professional evaluation. So popular among the diplomatic community a story: In 1997, during his visit to China Chirac had visited the Shanghai Museum, and curator of the MA Chengyuanyijianrugu. During the conversation, the 73-year-old bronze greatest Ma Chengyuan his monograph, "The Complete Works of Chinese bronzes," the former 14 gift Chirac. When he saw a picture of the book, Chirac blurted out: "This is not the Erlitou Culture three bronze?" In the face of such a professional French President a question by the old China experts by surprise, Leng said the Haobantian only nod Yes. Unexpectedly, Chirac not only know its name, will be 3600 before the Erlitou culture of the three characteristics speaks tirelessly. France heads of state to meet with Chinese experts Miles, the more chat about the zestful, so Chirac's plane took off had to be postponed.
Chirac on China's heritage and fond of the Chinese heritage and also enhances their international reputation. 1978, the then mayor of Paris, Chirac has long been the preference to the ancient capital of Xi'an, becoming the first foreigners to visit the Qinling terracotta warriors and horses. When hundreds of thousands of terracotta warriors and horses lifelike appearance in front, he was shocked to say: "There are seven miracles, the Qin terracotta figures graves found堪称Eighth Wonder." Chirac's rating by the international media widely quoted, China's Terracotta Warriors and Horses to the world play an important role. Showing the true, seeing is believing. During the Spring Festival two years ago, the reporters had to participate in the French presidential palace in the Chinese press conference, President Chirac experienced the profound feeling toward China. Apart from France was Chinese and overseas Chinese representatives, and Chinese Embassy in France and representatives from Chinese-funded institutions, such as the 1,000 guests. Reporters after Chirac also met on different occasions, but especially the day he appeared which radiated power and vitality. Generally speaking, in a speech after President can withdraw from most of the guests to the same courtesy to grip handshake. And French President Jacques Chirac at the scene the day after the speech at the one hour, almost shaking hands with each of the guests, and we take the trouble to accept the invitation of the camera. "World Journal" reporter Rafah Permanent Office of the President